Corrects serum calcium for low albumin levels to assess true calcium status

Calculates net fluid balance for volume status assessment and fluid management in hospitalized patients

Rapid assessment of hemodynamic status

Estimates 10-year probability of major osteoporotic and hip fractures

Guides workup of incidentally discovered adrenal masses based on size and imaging characteristics

Calculates BMI percentile for children and adolescents (2-20 years) using CDC growth charts

Assessment of newborn condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

Clinical decision rule to determine need for cervical spine imaging in trauma patients

Clinical decision rule to determine need for ankle and foot radiography after injury

Clinical prediction rule for deep vein thrombosis probability

WHO fracture risk assessment tool for 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture

Classification system for open fractures based on wound size, contamination, and soft tissue injury

Classification system for pediatric physeal (growth plate) fractures

Validated outcome tool for hip function following arthroplasty or hip disease — assesses pain, function, deformity, and range of motion

Patient-reported outcome measure for knee arthroplasty and knee osteoarthritis — 12 items covering pain and function over the past 4 weeks

Shortened 11-item version of the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaire measuring upper extremity disability and symptoms

Validated shoulder function scoring system combining subjective symptoms with objective measurements — widely used for arthroplasty and rotator cuff outcomes

Predicts the need for primary amputation in severely injured extremities by scoring skeletal injury, ischaemia, shock, and age

Calculates delta pressure (ΔP) to guide fasciotomy decision in suspected acute compartment syndrome

Validated pre-operative VTE (DVT/PE) risk stratification to guide thromboprophylaxis decisions in surgical patients

10-section patient-reported outcome measure for cervical spine-related disability in daily activities

Gold-standard patient-reported outcome for low back pain disability — 10 sections covering pain intensity and impact on daily activities